Content in Advanced Life Support
Which of the following statements about advance decisions is/are correct?
a) They do not need to be in writing unless they relate to end of life treatment decisions.
b) Advance decisions are not valid if made by persons under the age of 18 years.
c) Advance decisions must be signed and witnessed as a deed.
d) An advance decision is not applicable to the treatment in question if that treatment is not the treatment specified in the advance decision.
Which one of the following statements concerning intraosseous infusion is true?
a) Only crystalloid solutions may be safely infused through the needle.
b) Aspiration of bone marrow confirms appropriate positioning of the needle.
c) Intraosseous infusion is the preferred route for volume resuscitation in small children.
d) Swelling in the soft tissues around the intraosseous site is not a reason to discontinue infusion.
Regarding the management of severe local anaesthetic toxicity for a 70 Kg patient, which of the following are correct?.
a) Immediately give an initial intravenous bolus injection of 20% lipid emulsion 100 ml over 1 min.
b) Immediately start and intravenous infusion of 20% lipid emulsion at 1000 ml/h.
c) After 5 min, give a maximum of two repeat boluses of 200 ml.
d) Afer 5 min, continue infusion at 500 ml/h but double rate to 1000 ml/h if toxicity persists.
A 62 year – old man with an upper gastrointestinal bleeding receives during resuscitation of a cardiac arrest, a massive transfussion: 8 packed red blood cells, 4 units of fresh frozen plasma and 1 pool of platelets. One hour later presents paraesthesias in mouth and fingers, tetany and wheezing. An ECG may reveal the following signs:
A patient recovered from ventricular tachycardia type torsades de pointes, presents in the following hours weakness, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and absent tendon reflexes. Which of the following are ECG features are chacarcteristic of this clinical picture?:
a) Prolonged PR and QT intervals:
b) T wave flattening:
c) AV – block:
d) ST – segment depression:
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